Baldwin knew that he was being provoked into dividing his forces. [32] The king took advantage of Saladin's campaign in Aleppo to lead a raid around Damascus. A year of official mourning for the child's father, William, concluded in June 1178, and it became appropriate to seek another husband for her. [122] The qadi of Tripoli secretly warned Baldwin, which enabled him to defeat the attack and rout the Damascene troops. [109][111] Four days later, Daimbert was elected and installed as the new Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem. The video includes Raynald of Chatil. [217] The three strongholdsMontreal, Eilat and Grayesecured the control of the caravan routes between Syria and Egypt. [17][18] Guy continued to resent not being regent for his own stepson. [247] She landed at Palestine in August 1113, accompanied by hundreds of soldiers and bringing her rich dowry. [50], Philip left the Kingdom of Jerusalem with his troops in late October 1177 to help Raymond of Tripoli attack the Muslim-held city of Hama. Baldwin IV (French; Latin language: Balduinus; 1161 - 16 March 1185), called the Leper, [1] or The Leper King reigned as King of Jerusalem from 1174 until his death. PMID: 8371036 No abstract available. [205][206] Bertrand of Tripoli, Baldwin II of Edessa and the Armenian rulers also came to fight against Mawdud, who was compelled to return to Mosul in the autumn. [3], The Kingdom of Jerusalem and other crusader states were ruled by Franks, French-speaking Catholics who had arrived in the Levant from Western Europe and remained Western in culture. [189], The crusader leaders united their forces to complete the conquest of Tripoli begun by Raymond. Baldwin V, (born 1177, Jerusalemdied August 1186, Acre, kingdom of Jerusalem [now Akko, Israel]), nominal king of Jerusalem who reigned from March 1185 until his death a year and a half later. His reign, even though brief, is of significance in medieval history. [201], Sigurd I of Norwaythe first king to visit the Kingdom of Jerusalemhad meanwhile landed at Acre. Count Raymond III of Tripoli ruled the kingdom in Baldwin's name until the king reached the age of majority in 1176. Baldwin V was acclaimed, crowned, and anointed in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre on 20 November 1183, and he received homage from all the barons except his stepfather, Guy. [251] Historians Hans Eberhard Mayer, Christopher Tyerman and Malcolm Barber agree that William of Tyre most probably referred to Baldwin's homosexuality. [186] Bertrand's cousin, William Jordan, who had ruled these lands since Raymond's death, refused to cede them to him. [24] Puberty may have accelerated the development of the lepromatous form of the illness. [17][11] Shortly thereafter Count Raymond III of Tripoli arrived in Jerusalem and succeeded in claiming regency as the king's closest kinsman. [23] It is not clear from whom he caught it, but it must have been someone with whom he spent a lot of time and who did not exhibit easily visible symptoms. [33] He and his advisers then decided to intervene in Saladin's war against the Order of Assassins. [158][168] After the prelates unanimously stated that Daimbert had almost provoked a civil war and had abused his ecclesiastic authority, the legate allowed them to elect a pious priest, Evremar, as patriarch. The Ayyubids allowed Baldwin IV of Jerusalem to enter Ascalon with his Gaza-based Knights Templar without taking any precautions against a sudden attack. [71] By the terms of the marriage contract, Humphrey ceded Toron to Baldwin, who thus prevented the union of two great fiefs under one vassal and strengthened his position against the count of Tripoli. [8] In June 1174, the king came down with dysentery. He was the youngest son of Eustace II, Count of Boulogne, and Ida of Lorraine and married a Norman noblewoman, Godehilde of Tosny. 439-56. [15], Until he reached the age of majority, which was 15 in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, Baldwin needed a regent to rule in his name. He supplied the main crusader army with food during the siege of Antioch. [2] At the age of six Baldwin gained a stepmother, Maria Komnene, with whom he was not close. The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of [128][129] Albert of Aix's sporadic references suggest that Baldwin adopted the title of prince. [119], To prevent Baldwin from seizing Godfrey's realm, Daimbert and Tancred sought assistance from Bohemond I of Antioch. [94] He married the daughter of an Armenian lord named Taftoc, according to William of Tyre,[95] and encouraged his retainers to marry local women. [157][158] Daimbert fled first to Jaffa, then to Tancred in Antioch. Here's How Tall Ireland Baldwin Really Is - The List He was welcomed in Jaffa, where he installed a governor, thereby depriving Guy of half of his county. [25] Yet, contrary to the common practice[6] and to the surprise of Muslim observers, Baldwin was never segregated. [97][243] Her father promised a dowry of 60,000 bezants and also pledged that she would inherit his lands, but he actually paid off only 7,000 bezants to Baldwin. [95][100] Baldwin demanded Balduk's wife and children as hostages, but Balduk refused to hand them over to him, for which Baldwin had him captured and executed. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem - Wikipedia His full sister was Queen Sibylla of Jerusalem and his nephew through this sister was the child-king Baldwin V. He had a half sister through his father's second marriage to . The king was then young and recently married, so a nephew's accession seemed unlikely, but he died childless in 1163. [95], Early in 1184, Baldwin ordered Guy to attend him as vassal in Jerusalem. [178][173], Duqaq's death on 14June led to internal conflict in Damascus. "[64], During the Holy Week in 1180, the prince of Antioch and the count of Tripoli marched with their armies to Jerusalem. Encyclopdia Universalis ID. [8], It became apparent in late 1184 or early 1185 that Baldwin IV was dying. [185], Bertrand, Count of Toulouse came to Syria to claim the lands that his father, Raymond of Saint Gilles, had conquered around Tripoli. [9] Though he had not yet been diagnosed, the High Court must have been aware of the royal physicians' suspicions that Baldwin had contracted leprosy. As Defender of Jerusalem tells us, his uncle, King Baldwin III, died around the time Baldwin IV was born. [226], Among modern historians, Thomas Asbridge states that Baldwin was one of the commanders of the First Crusade "whose skill, ambition and devotion drove the enterprise, and by turns threatened to rip it apart. Bibliothque municipale, pinal. [207] Shortly thereafter, Baldwin attacked a caravan that was travelling from Tyre to Damascus, carrying with it the city's most precious possessions, and was able to carry off the rich cargo. [78], The defeated sultan took his host to besiege Beirut, while another army from Egypt attacked the south of the kingdom. [140] During a passionate debate in the presence of the papal legate, Daimbert stated that Baldwin should not "presume to make tributary and servant the holy Church". Baudouin Baldwin IV The Leper King, le Lpreux, King of Jerusalem d'Anjou (Jerusalem) (est. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [49][50], Baldwin and Tancred led two separate contingents. [32][33], The crusaders reached Constantinople on 23December 1096. [67][68] Two Armenian chiefs, Fer and Nicusus, joined him soon after he started his campaign. Notable Cases of Leprosy - News-Medical.net Baudouin IV ( bahasa Prancis: Baudouin; Latin: Balduinus; 1161 - 16 Maret 1185), dijuluki si Lepra, [1] atau Raja Kusta yang bertakhta sebagai Raja Yerusalem dari tahun 1174 hingga kematiannya. [79] Saladin abandoned the siege, but declined to make a truce, worrying Baldwin and his advisers. [103], Baldwin died, attended by his vassals,[104] in March 1185[87][105] or before 16 May 1185 at the latest, when his nephew is recorded as the sole king. Baldwin was born in mid-1161. [143] Baldwin's soldiers pillaged Caesarea and massacred the majority of the adult local population. [44] Henry was invested because he and Baldwin both belonged to the Angevin family. Daimbert, the Latin patriarch, and Tancred offered Jerusalem to Tancred's uncle, Bohemond I of Antioch. Another great leper was King Baldwin IV, who lived during the Crusader era, as King of Jerusalem. On July 15, 1176, he came of age. [228] In accordance with his last wishes, his cook, Addo, removed his intestines and preserved his body in salt, so as to secure a burial in Jerusalem. [7], In 1183 Baldwin IV summoned a council to discuss who would be an acceptable alternative to Guy. Baldwin IV's leprosy meant that he could not have children, and so he spent his reign grooming various relatives to succeed him. Baldwin iv of jerusalem king leper crusader history vs myth. [14], Pope Urban II proclaimed the First Crusade at the Council of Clermont on 27November 1095. [35][40][41] The crusaders were transferred to a camp established on the road between Chalcedon and Nicomedia in Asia Minor, but Godfrey and Baldwin soon returned to Constantinople to be present when the commanders of a new crusader army did homage to Alexios. Baldwin, King of Jerusalem | Encyclopedia.com On 1 August, Baldwin and Raymond led the armies of Jerusalem and Tripoli, respectively, in a raid of the Beqaa Valley (modern-day Lebanon), where they defeated the garrison of Damascus, forcing Saladin to abandon his campaign. He immediately dismissed Guy from regency and resumed power, as the defense of such a vital fortress and the king's half-sister within it could not be entrusted to the man who had proven unable to command the troops. [249] Their marriage was bigamous, because Baldwin's second wife was still alive. The queen was an ambitious woman who likely saw Baldwin as an obstacle to her own children. [209] The Byzantines tried to persuade him to join a coalition against Tancred, while he wanted to secure their assistance against Tyre. [188][190] At the assembly in June 1109, Tancred agreed to abandon Turbessel in return for his restoration to his old domains in the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Galilee, Haifa and the Temple of the Lord). [115], Godfrey died unexpectedly on 18July 1100. [171][172] He launched a raid against the bandits who had settled on Mount Carmel, but he was wounded in the kidneys and did not recover until the end of the year. [85][86] A riot broke out in the town, forcing Thoros to take refuge in the citadel. [194] He was again unable to prevent a general massacre of the townspeople. [131], Baldwin was reconciled with Daimbert who agreed to anoint and crown him king. Baldwin IV, Leper and crusader, was one of the outstanding commanders of his age, and during his life, posed a worthy challenge to the valorous Sultan Saladi. [17] According to a letter from Pope Urban, only the army that Peter the Hermit had mustered for the People's Crusade outnumbered the three brothers' force. Battles and truce with Baldwin. Baldwin was born in 1161, the second child of Prince Amalric of Jerusalem, the Count of Jaffa and younger brother of King Baldwin III. [141] Baldwin moved his headquarters to nearby Jaffa and fortified Ramla to hinder any attempt at a surprise attack against Jerusalem. Baldwin I,[a] also known as Baldwin of Boulogne (1060s 2April 1118), was the first count of Edessa from 1098 to 1100, and king of Jerusalem from 1100 to his death in 1118. [132][133] Thereafter Baldwin was most frequently styled king. [67], Baldwin had hoped to abdicate, but was prevented by deep divisions within his court that emerged following Sibylla's marriage to Guy. Baldwin V | Crusader, Crusader King, Jerusalem | Britannica Baldwin IV - The Leper Crusader King - Full Documentary When Baldwin IV died, Count Raymond III of Tripoli assumed government on behalf of the child king. 1161 Death Date: March 16 , 1185 ( age 24 ) Birth Sign : Capricorn About Biography Baldwin IV of Jerusalem called the Leper or the Leprous the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife Agnes of Courtenay was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185. [156] After learning of this embezzlement, Baldwin convinced the papal legate to dismiss Daimbert in late 1101. Corrections? [152][155], Roger Borsa, Duke of Apulia, sent money to Daimbert, partially for the recruitment of soldiers, but Daimbert retained the whole sum. [116] After the disastrous Seventh Crusade, a crusader was told by an old man in Damascus: I have seen a time when King Baldwin of Jerusalem, the one who was a leper, beat Saladin although he only had 300 armed men against Saladin's 3,000. Agnes of Courtenay, mother of Sibylla and Baldwin IV, suggested that Sibylla's son should be made co-king. [143][145] The Genoese received one third of the booty, but Baldwin did not grant areas in the captured towns to them. The internal discord that followed forced Baldwin to remain king, as only he was capable of uniting the quarreling nobility. [182], The Egyptians failed to launch any major military campaigns against the Kingdom of Jerusalem, but they did continually raid Baldwin's southern frontier. [191] Raymond's inheritance was distributed between Bertrand and Jordan, with Bertrand swearing fealty to Baldwin, and Jordan to Tancred. The nine-year-old prince was sent to live with William of Tyre, a sophisticated and well-traveled cleric who was famed for his learning. Despite having use of only one hand, he refused to delegate his military duties and took part in fighting. In July, Baldwin marched with his host to relieve the Muslims' siege of Bethsan, and his outnumbered army won the Battle of Le Forbelet. [1] His father, William of Montferrat, had died in June 1177. [86] The acquisition of Ravendel, Turbessel and Edessa strengthened the position of the main crusader army during the siege of Antioch, which was taking place at the same time. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem | Historica Wiki | Fandom [240] Historian Malcolm Barber argues that her death "may have been the decisive event that persuaded" Baldwin "to seek out a lordship in the East". [34], William of Montferrat married Baldwin's sister, Sibylla, in November 1176 despite misgivings of the nobles who no longer trusted his cousin Emperor Frederick's ability to aid the kingdom. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [130] Baldwin first raided the environs of Ascalon, which was still held by the Egyptians, then launched a punitive expedition against the bandits who had their headquarters in the caves near Jerusalem. [203][204] However, the townspeople rose up against al-Khalfa in July[204] and his Berber guards joined the rioters, murdering him and the crusader troops. [182] They massacred hundreds of pilgrims near Jaffa and defeated the governor of the town while Baldwin was fighting against Damascene troops in Galilee in October 1106. It focuses on the quarter century of Baldwin IV's life span, 1161 to 1186, a particularly critical period in the history of the crusader kingdom. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. [173] Acre had always been the most important port of trade between Syria and Europe, and the harbour dues generated significant revenues for him. Guy was opposed by a large fraction of the nobility, and soon permanently impaired his relationship with Baldwin. He enjoyed listening to stories and history lessons. [205][206] At Tancred's request, Baldwin mustered his troops and hurried to the North. [113][114] Baldwin and Bohemond left Jerusalem on 1January 1100. [39] Baldwin's first cousin Count Philip I of Flanders arrived in the East in September. [146], While Baldwin and the Genoese were besieging Caesarea, the Egyptian vizier, Al-Afdal Shahanshah, started mustering troops at Ascalon. [184] In August 1108 Baldwin and a band of Italian adventurers laid siege to Sidon, but the arrival of an Egyptian fleet and Turkish horsemen from Damascus forced him to abandon the siege. [56], Not having enough men to launch an offensive on the retreating Muslims, Baldwin decided to fortify the Damascene frontier. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem (1161 - 1185), called the Leper or the Leprous, the son of Amalric I of Jerusalem and his first wife, Agnes of Courtenay, was king of Jerusalem from 1174 to 1185. Baldwin V (1177 or 1178 August 1186) was King of Jerusalem who reigned together with his uncle Baldwin IV from 1183 to 1185 and, after his uncle's death, as the sole king from 1185 to his death. [61] One of the most prominent Italian Norman crusaders, Richard of Salerno, wanted to take revenge for the Normans who had perished at Tarsus, which caused a skirmish between the soldiers of Baldwin and Tancred. [36] Manuel agreed to take part in the invasion in return for the establishment of Byzantine protectorate over the kingdom and restoration of the Orthodox patriarch, Leontius II, in Jerusalem. To strengthen his rule, the widowed Baldwin married an Armenian ruler's daughter (who is now known as Arda). [88] Baldwin recovered unexpectedly and returned to Jerusalem. [59] He hired Guynemer's men to garrison Tarsus and continued his campaign. [134] In most of his charters, he also emphasised that he was Godfrey's lawful heir. Baldwin IV was a revered King of Jerusalem who reigned from 1174 till his death in 1185. [109], Christian defeat at Hattin two years after Baldwin's death marred the king's legacy, with historians tracing fatal discord to Baldwin's reign. Guy's removal from regency was effectively disinheritance; at the council's insistence, deliberations about the succession followed. He threatened to destroy a mosque in Darayya, but local Christians convinced him not to for fear of losing their churches in retaliation. [195] An Egyptian fleet routed the Norwegians, but the Doge of Venice, Ordelafo Faliero, and his fleet soon joined the crusaders and the town capitulated on 5December. [113] Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani wrote: In spite of illness the Franks were loyal to him, they gave him every encouragement being satisfied to have him as their ruler; they exalted him they were anxious to keep him in office, but they paid no attention to his leprosy.[113]. [100][87] He soon developed a fever. [91][110] Attacks by Muslim troops, fatigue and diseases caused heavy casualties during the journey, but most of the pilgrims reached Jerusalem on 21December. [153][154] After a short resistance, they fled in panic, pursued by the crusaders as far as Ascalon. Baudouin IV dari Yerusalem. [37] As Raynald's mission was successful, Baldwin consented to his marriage with the lady of Oultrejordain, Stephanie of Milly. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem Biography - King of Jerusalem (1161-1185; r [12], Baldwin married a Norman noblewoman, Godehilde of Tosny, whose family owned land and property in both Normandy and England. [55] Saladin, who barely survived, suffered a crushing defeat. [91] Baldwin accompanied his troops again, but having become blind and immobile, this time he went in a litter slung between two horses. [39] Their commanders (including Godfrey and Baldwin) swore fealty to Alexios and pledged that they would cede all conquered lands that the Seljuk Turks had seized from the Byzantines to the emperor's representatives. [64] After one or two men were killed and many more were injured or captured on both sides, Baldwin and Tancred made peace and Baldwin left Mamistra. In order to avoid antagonizing the Ibelins, however, Baldwin had allowed Balian of Ibelin to marry the king's stepmother, Queen Maria, in late 1177. [248] She was more than forty years old when the marriage was proposed in 1112. [107], The main crusader army captured Jerusalem on 15July 1099. [136][137] Before leaving for Antioch in March, Tancred renounced his domains in Palestine, but also stipulated that the same domains should be granted in fief to him if he were to leave Antioch within fifteen months. Baldwin's godfather was his paternal uncle, King Baldwin III, who joked that his christening present was the Kingdom of Jerusalem. [165] However, only the arrival of a fleet filled with hundreds of English, French and German pilgrims forced the Egyptians to lift the siege on 27May. 283-91. [11] Joscelin was Baldwin V's granduncle with no claim to the throne, and so the High Court trusted him, unlike Raymond, to keep the king safe. 1993 Jun;61(2):283-91. [42] When a knight sat on the emperor's throne during the ceremony, Baldwin "took him by the hand and made him rise"[43] and severely reprimanded him. [109][112] The new patriarch confirmed Godfrey and Bohemond in the possession of their lands, but no similar ceremony was recorded in connection with Baldwin. Baldwin was a quick learner, but he stuttered. Guy brusquely refused, possibly because Tyre was more lucrative, leaving Baldwin gravely insulted. [167], During the siege of Jaffa, Baldwin had sent envoys to Antioch and Edessa, seeking assistance from Tancred and Baldwin II. [122][123] To finance his journey to Jerusalem, Baldwin seized gold and silver from his subjects. [96][97] Thoros' rich treasury enabled him to employ mercenaries and to buy Samosata from Balduk. Baldwin IV of Jerusalem at the Battle of Montgisard [90] Historian Christopher MacEvitt argues that the local population did not regard Baldwin's ascension as "a change in regime, but the replacement of one strongman with vague Byzantine ties with another of the same ilk". [66] Baldwin acted decisively before his kinsmen's armies reached Jerusalem: he arranged for Sibylla to marry a Poitevin knight, Guy of Lusignan. [104][107] A dozen Armenian chiefs plotted against Baldwin in December,[104][107] and approached the nearby Seljuk emirs for assistance, but Baldwin learnt of the conspiracy and ordered the arrest of the conspirators. [70][74] Baldwin left for Edessa in early February, but troops sent by Balduk, the emir of Samosata,[73] or Bagrat[75] prevented him from crossing the Euphrates. [106] Sibylla, who succeeded her son,[107] made Guy king. [115][116] Baldwin arrived back in Edessa in February. [179] His intervention brought about a rapprochement between the Sunnite Toghtekin and the Shiite Al-Afdal. [107][108] The two ringleaders were mutilated in accordance with Byzantine laws, but the others were allowed to redeem themselves for large fees. [176][177] Baldwin wanted to punish the Genoese, but the patriarch mediated a reconciliation and Baldwin had to grant one-third of the town to them. [216][222] She sailed for Sicily on 25 April 1117. [77][89] Antioch became the capital of a new Crusader state, the Principality of Antioch, with Tancred's uncle, Bohemond of Taranto, as its first prince.
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