[75] It has the richest diversity in the world per square kilometre. Population growth has slowed down recently with a yearly increase of 0.2% between 2014 and 2019. Bathed by clear waters at the heart of the Pacific Ocean. Over 100 bird species live in New Caledonia, of which 24 are endemic. New Caledonia: Energy Country Profile - Our World in Data Finally, we provide a list of the Top 10 most popular Netflix films and TV (branded Netflix in any country) in each of the . [2] In 2011, exports of goods and services from New Caledonia amounted to 2.11billion US dollars, 75.6% of which were mineral products and alloys (mainly nickel ore and ferronickel). [7] Of these, 18,353 live in the Loyalty Islands Province, 49,910 in the North Province, and 203,144 in the South Province. New Caledonia country brief | Australian Government Department of New Caledonia (French:Nouvelle-Caldonie) is a dependent overseas territory of France lying in the western Pacific Ocean, in the Coral Sea, to the east of Australia and west of Vanuatu.The territory consists of the main island of Grand Terre, the archipelago of the Loyalty Islands (Iles Loyaute), the Isle of Pines (Ile Des Pins) and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls. Nouma ( French pronunciation: [numea]) is the capital and largest city of the French special collectivity of New Caledonia and is also the largest francophone city in Oceania. Distant land, land of contrasts, pristine land. [9], British explorer James Cook was the first European to sight New Caledonia, on 4 September 1774, during his second voyage. [66] The non-official adoption made New Caledonia one of the few countries or territories in the world with two flags. [107] The three most widely spoken indigenous languages are Drehu (spoken in Lifou), Nengone (spoken on Mar) and Paic (northern part of Grande Terre). Despite its large number of bird, reptile, and fish species, New Caledonia has remarkably few mammal species: nine, of which six are endemic. Some, such as Neogalaxias, exist only in small areas. Netflix Top 10 - By Country: New Caledonia [24] The fleet that turned back the Japanese Navy in the Battle of the Coral Sea in May 1942 was based at Nouma. [84], Several species of New Caledonia are remarkable for their size: Ducula goliath is the largest extant species of arboreal pigeon; Rhacodactylus leachianus, the largest gecko in the world; Phoboscincus bocourti, a large skink thought to be extinct until rediscovered in 2003.[89]. New Caledonia - The World Factbook The "Tour Cycliste de Nouvelle-Caldonie" is a multi-day cycling stage race that is held usually in October. Much of New Caledonia's fauna present before human settlement is now extinct, including Sylviornis, a bird over a metre tall not closely related to any living species, and Meiolania, a giant horned turtle that diverged from living turtles during the Jurassic period. Its capital, Noumea, is only two hours flying time from Brisbane. Hidden in the middle of the Pacific to the east of Australia, New Caledonia is a vast, unique and diverse French overseas territory offering an exceptional variety of landscapes, cultures and activities. High Commissioner (for France): Louis Le Franc; President of the Government (for New Caledonia): Louis Mapou, https://www.britannica.com/place/New-Caledonia-French-unique-collectivity-Pacific-Ocean, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - New Caledonia, New Caledonia - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Macron promotes French interests on a trip to South Pacific where US-China rivalry is intensifying. [39] The French administration typically respects decisions made in the customary system. New Caledonia | Today's latest from Al Jazeera New Caledonia S Korea, Pacific Islands to boost ties after first-ever summit Inaugural Korea-Pacific Islands Summit comes amid. [145] New Caledonia's top basketball club teams are AS 6e Km and AS Dumbea. The Lapita were skilled navigators and evidence of their pottery around the Pacific has served as a guide for understanding human expansion in the region. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. ), in November 1793. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [25] Roman Catholicism was introduced by French colonists. The Lapita, skilled navigators, first settled in New Caledonia around 1600 B.C. Education in New Caledonia is based on the French curriculum and delivered by both French teachers and French-trained teachers. [92] 78% were born in New Caledonia. Cumulative: how much CO2 has it produced to date? Nineteen Kanak hostage takers were killed and another three died in custody, while two soldiers were killed during the assault. [30], Another referendum was held in October 2020, with voters once again choosing to remain a part of France. New Caledonia: Coronavirus Pandemic Country Profile The official guide for New Caledonia Tourism [126] The exclusive economic zone of New Caledonia covers 1.4million square kilometres (0.54million square miles). [17] Cannibalism was widespread throughout New Caledonia. The Bulletin de la Socit gnrale des prisons for 1888 indicates that 10,428 convicts, including 2,329 freed ones, were on the island as of 1 May 1888, by far the largest number of convicts detained in French overseas penitentiaries. The New Caledonian archipelago is a microcontinental island chain which originated as a fragment of Zealandia, a nearly submerged continent or microcontinent which was part of the southern supercontinent of Gondwana during the time of the dinosaurs.The Grande Terre group of New Caledonia, with Mont Pani at 1,628 meters (5,341 feet) as its highest point, is the most elevated part of the . [127] The late-2000s recession has gravely affected the nickel industry, as the sector faced a significant drop in nickel prices (31.0% year-on-year in 2009) for the second consecutive year. [21] American troops stationed on New Caledonia numbered as many as 50,000, matching the entire local population at the time. ][128] The share of the nickel sector as a percentage of GDP fell from 8% in 2008 to 5% in 2009. As of 2013, the university has approximately 3,000 students, 107 academics, and 95 administrative and library staff. However, New Caledonia does experience a cyclone season from the end of November to May, with February to April being the most . As compared to 4,053 convicts, including 1,176 freed ones, in French Guiana at the same date. Want to know more about New Caledonia? On the west coast the precipitation is regularly less than 40 inches (1,000 mm). At the 2019 census, 44.0% of people whose age was 15 or older reported that they had some form of knowledge of at least one Kanak language (up from 41.3% at the 2009 census), whereas 56.0% reported that they had no knowledge of any of the Kanak languages (down from 58.7% at the 2009 census).[108][105]. [40] It also has a deliberative role on law proposals that would affect identity, the civil customary statute, and the land system. ", "World Economic Outlook Database April 2022", "Les grands indicateurs des comptes conomiques", "Guam Table 1.1. ; New Caledonia population is equivalent to 0% of the total world population. The tribes are further grouped into 57 customary chiefdoms (chefferies), each headed by a head chief, and forming the administrative subdivisions of the customary areas. [36] At a national level, New Caledonia is represented in the French Parliament by two deputies and two senators. [5] The construction sector accounts for roughly 12% of GDP, employing 9.9% of the salaried population in 2010. New Caledonia - Country Profile - 2020 - IndexMundi One woodland species, Amborella trichopoda, has become of great scientific interest as a possible link between gymnosperms and angiosperms (coniferous and flowering plants). Winds bearing northeast to southeast, including trade winds, predominate throughout the year and relieve temperatures in the hot season, which begins in November. At the last census in 2019, New Caledonia had a population of 271,407. [75], Largely due to its nickel industry, New Caledonia emits a high level of carbon dioxide per person compared to other countries. [75] The biodiversity is caused by Grande Terre's central mountain range, which has created a variety of niches, landforms and micro-climates where endemic species thrive. The plan faltered as violence escalated. [42], The naval forces incorporate several vessels of the French Navy including: one Floral-class frigate, Vendmiaire, the patrol and support vessel D'Entrecasteaux and Auguste Benebig, the lead ship of the Flix bou class of patrol vessels. [11] The west coast of Grande Terre was approached by the Comte de Laprouse in 1788, shortly before his disappearance, and the Loyalty Islands were first visited between 1793 and 1796 when Mare, Lifou, Tiga, and Ouvea were mapped by English whaler William Raven. [36] The currency in use in New Caledonia is the CFP franc, as of May 2020, pegged to the euro at a rate of 119.3 CFP to 1.00 euros. Dec. 12, 2021 NOUMA, New Caledonia New Caledonia, a tiny scattering of islands in the South Pacific, will not mark the new year by becoming the world's newest country. [nb 2] The convicts included many Communards, arrested after the failed Paris Commune of 1871, including Henri de Rochefort and Louise Michel. New Caledonia profile. [138] Analogue television broadcasts ended in September 2011, completing the digital television transition in New Caledonia. [36], Kanak society has several layers of customary authority, from the 4,0005,000 family-based clans to the eight customary areas (aires coutumires) that make up the territory. The rugby league team participated in the Pacific Cup in 2004. About 50 American whalers left record of being in the region (Grande Terre, Loyalty Is., Walpole and Hunter) between 1793 and 1887. [129] According to industry sources however, the Goro mine has never met its potential capacity to produce "60,000 tpy of nickel in the form of nickel oxide, due to design flaws and operational commissioning issues" In 2019, it produced slightly over a third of its annual capacity". [12] Raven encountered the island, then named Britania, and today known as Mar (Loyalty Is. As of 2018, only about 30 personnel in the regiment were locally recruited. New Caledonias lagoons, with their diverse reefs and associated ecosystems, were designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2008. A narrative overview of New Caledonia's country context and climate is provided following the visualizations. Zoom-out to see global record for the latest climatology, 1991-2020. The capital of New Caledonia is Nouma. [36] The French State is represented in the territory by a High Commissioner. Other significant language communities among immigrant populations include speakers of Wallisian, Futunian, Tahitian, Javanese, Vietnamese, Chinese, and Bislama. A French overseas territory in the Pacific, New Caledonia has seen deep divisions between its indigenous Kanak population and Europeans, most notably over the . The decision to wish for the use of two flags has been a constant battleground between the two sides and led the coalition government to collapse in February 2011. [25], During the late 1940s and early 1950s, New Caledonia strengthened its economic links with Australia, particularly as turmoil within France and its empire weakened New Caledonia's traditional economic links to metropolitan France; New Caledonia supplied nickel to Australia in exchange for coal vital for smelting nickel. [131], The Mw Ka is a 12-metre (39ft) totem pole commemorating the French annexation of New Caledonia, and was inaugurated in 2005. The other self-reported communities were Wallisians and Futunians (8.3% of the total population, up from 8.2% at the 2014 census), Indonesians who are from the Javanese ethnic group (1.4% of the total population, the same as in 2014),[96] Tahitians (2.0% of the total population, down from 2.1% at the 2014 census), Ni-Vanuatu (0.9%, down from 1.0% at the 2014 census), Vietnamese (0.8%, down from 0.9% at the 2014 census), and other Asians (primarily ethnic Chinese; 0.4% of the total population, the same as in 2014). The Nouma Accord, signed 5 May 1998, set the groundwork for a 20-year transition that gradually transfers competences to the local government.[11]. The race attracts riders from Australia, New Zealand, France, Runion, Europe and Tahiti. New Caledonia: country data and statistics - Worlddata.info The centre-right government elected in France in March 1986 began eroding the arrangements established under the Socialists, redistributing lands mostly without consideration of native land claims, resulting in over two-thirds going to Europeans and less than a third to the Kanaks. . "[61] To date, however, there has been no consensus on a new name for the territory, although Kanak Republic is popular among 40% of the population. [56] An independence referendum was held the following year, but independence was rejected by a large majority. [21], In June 1940, after the fall of France, the Conseil Gnral of New Caledonia voted unanimously to support the Free French government, and in September the pro-Vichy governor was forced to leave for Indochina. As of 2010, secondary education was in the process of being transferred to the provinces. [43][44] One Engins de Dbarquement Amphibie Standards (EDA-S) landing craft is also to be delivered to naval forces based in New Caledonia by 2025. [128], This context, combined with bad weather, has forced the operators in the sector to revise downwards their production target. [13] From 1796 until 1840, only a few sporadic contacts with the archipelago were recorded. Rodeos (here at the annual fair of Bourail) are part of Caldoche culture. Of the 44 indigenous species of gymnosperms, 43 are endemic, including the only known parasitic gymnosperm (Parasitaxus usta). These islands form more than 99 percent of the total land area and lie between latitudes 18 and 23 S and longitudes 163 and 169 E. New Caledonia also includes a number of far-flung uninhabited islets: Huon and Surprise islands in the DEntrecasteaux Reefs, the atolls of the Chesterfield Islands and the Bellona Reefs, Walpole Island, Beautemps-Beaupr Atoll, and Astrolabe Reefs. [18], On 24 September 1853, under orders from Emperor Napoleon III, Admiral Febvrier Despointes took formal possession of New Caledonia. 12 July. NEW CALEDONIA, A HIDDEN GEM A vast archipelago waiting to be explored New Caledonia's main island, Grande Terre, is almost 400 km long and 50 km wide The archipelago encompasses more than 140 different islands, the best known of which are the stunning Isle of Pines to the south and Loyalty Islands to the east: Ouva, Lifou, Tiga and Mar.The total surface area is 18,500 km, including the . The largest sporting event to be held in New Caledonia is a round of the FIA Asia Pacific Rally Championship (APRC). In the northeast of the main island, an outcrop of gneiss forms a mountain range 40 miles (60 km) long that includes New Caledonias highest point, Mount Pani, elevation 5,341 feet (1,628 metres). [11] Only 40 of them settled in the colony; the rest returned to France after being granted amnesty in 1879 and 1880. [11] A few dozen free settlers settled on the west coast in the following years. The official name of the territory, Nouvelle-Caldonie, could be changed in the near future due to the accord, which states that "a name, a flag, an anthem, a motto, and the design of banknotes will have to be sought by all parties together, to express the Kanak identity and the future shared by all parties. There they were one of the four battalions who took part in the breakout after the Battle of Bir Hakeim in 1942. Also known as Grande Terre (Mainland), it is approximately 250 miles (400 km) long and 25 miles (40 km) wide. [2], Financial support from France is substantial, representing more than 15% of the GDP, and contributes to the health of the economy. Overview New Caledonia is a French overseas collectivity with significant autonomy under the terms of the 1998 Nouma Accord. Please see our New Caledonia country page . [27], The Matignon Agreements, signed on 26 June 1988, ensured a decade of stability. Cyclonic winds are frequent late in the hot season. [25][110] (See Islam in New Caledonia and Bah Faith in New Caledonia. The world's largest extant species of fern, Cyathea intermedia, also is endemic to New Caledonia. There are also numerous other Christian groups and more than 6,000 Muslims. The New Caledonia Handball team won the Oceania Handball Nations Cup in 2008 held in Wellington, New Zealand. [128] Thus, the activity of mineral extraction has declined by 8% in volume year on year.[when? [39], The Customary Senate is the assembly of the various traditional councils of the Kanaks, and has jurisdiction over the law proposals concerning the Kanak identity. New Caledonia country brief; New Caledonia country/economy fact sheet [PDF] Australia Pacific Islands Business . [132], Les Nouvelles Caldoniennes[133] is the only daily newspaper in the archipelago. By clicking on Add country you can show and compare the data for any country in the world you are interested in. There are no frogs and no venomous land reptiles, although scorpions and centipedes are present. New Caledonia - Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies - Melanesia [31] In the 2018 referendum, 56.7% of voters chose to remain in France. They have weathered to produce broad undulating plains with some steep-sided hills. The question on community belonging, which had been left out of the 2004 census, was reintroduced in 2009 under a new formulation, different from the 1996 census, allowing multiple choices (mixed race) and the possibility to clarify the choice "other" (which led many Europeans to self-identify as "Caledonian" in the category "other", or to select several ethnic communities, such as both European and Kanak, thus appearing as mixed race, which is particularly the case for the Caldoches living in the bush, who often have mixed ancestry).[97]. [128] The fall in prices has led a number of producers to reduce or stop altogether their activity, resulting in a reduction of the global supply of nickel by 6% compared to 2008. [40] A new president is appointed each year in August or September, and the presidency rotates between the eight customary areas. [10] The Metropolitan French-born migrants who come to New Caledonia are called Mtros or Zoreilles, indicating their origins in metropolitan France. About 80 percent of the 700-member regiment is composed of soldiers on short-term (four month) deployments from metropolitan France. Nuclear power - alongside renewables - is a low-carbon source of electricity. Leenhardt would pen a number of ethnographic works on the Kanak of New Caledonia. Finally, 2.1% of the population reported belonging to other communities to the exclusion of "Caledonian" (up from 1.3% at the 2014 census). [11] New Caledonia became a penal colony in 1864, and from the 1860s until the end of the transportations in 1897, France sent about 22,000 criminals and political prisoners to New Caledonia. Corrections? A considerable share of the inhabitants (72%) belongs to the urban population. [77], Bruno Van Peteghem was in 2001 awarded the Goldman Environmental Prize for his efforts on behalf of the Caledonian ecological protection movement in the face of "serious challenges" from Jacques Lafleur's RPCR party. Following the timeline set by the Nouma Accord that stated a vote must take place by the end of 2018, the groundwork was laid for a referendum on full independence from France at a meeting chaired by the French Prime Minister douard Philippe on 2 November 2017, to be held by November 2018. [131], The Kaneka is a form of local music, inspired by reggae and originating in the 1980s. [76] The combination of the exceptional biodiversity of New Caledonia and its threatened status has made it one of the most critical biodiversity hotspots on Earth. [citation needed]) Nouma is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Nouma. The indigenous Kanak people were excluded from the French economy and from mining work, and ultimately confined to reservations. In May 1941, they sailed to Australia and boarded the RMS Queen Elizabeth for the onward voyage to Africa. New Caledonia, a French overseas archipelago, is a year-round destination with a mild climate. [80] Not only endemic species have evolved here, but entire genera, families, and even orders are unique to the islands. For a long time the level of fluency varied significantly across the population as a whole, primarily due to the absence of universal access to public education before 1953, and also due to immigration and ethnic diversity,[104] but the French language has now become universal among the younger generations as shown by the censuses of population. Visiting Fellow in Research, School of Pacific and Asian Studies, Australian National University, Canberra. These rocks have weathered to form the striking terre rouge (i.e., red soils that overlie the islands extensive deposits of nickel, chrome, and cobalt ore). New Caledonia also has a national synchronised swimming team, which tours abroad. The lagoon and the surrounding New Caledonia Barrier Reef was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2008 for its exceptional beauty and marine biodiversity. [70] It has a catchment area of 620km2 (240sqmi) and opens north-westward into the Baie d'Harcourt, flowing towards the northern point of the island along the western escarpment of the Mount Pani. During periods such the 2021 referendum on independence, these forces have been significantly reinforced with personnel deployed from metropolitan France. The wish, legally non-binding, proved controversial. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Mangrove swamps proliferate on the highly indented west coast. New Zealand has a long-standing relationship with New Caledonia, our closest geographic neighbour in the Pacific. the first Grand Slam of the year. [40] In its advisory role, the Customary Senate must be consulted on law proposals "concerning the Kanak identity" as defined in the Nouma Accord. The combined battalion formed part of the Gaulliste 1re Division Motorise d'Infanterie/Division de Marche d'Infanterie (DMI), alongside three divisions from the French North African forces, in the French Expeditionary Corps (CEF) during the Italian Campaign. ", "L'Outre-mer dit adieu l'analogique Audiovisuel Info Nouvelle-Caldonie La 1re", "Two new New Caledonia television channels proposed", "Karembeu, France & New Caledonia a complex relationship", "New Caledonia joins the world football community", "New Caledonia National Basketball Team An Unknown Champion", "Beniela Adjouhgniope,le colosse de l'AS 6e Km", "Pacifique Treize: The French-speaking Pacific team who want to join Queensland Cup", "Let's Go Local: The Sand Dunes And Caf Planet For Drau", "Site de la DITTT Infrastructures routires", "Report of the Special Rapporteur on the rights of indigenous peoples on the situation of Kanak people in New Caledonia, France", New Caledonia: picture post card beautiful, African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States, Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC), Political status of the Cook Islands and Niue, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_Caledonia&oldid=1164753331, Special territories of the European Union, French-speaking countries and territories, States and territories established in 1853, Articles with Encyclopdia Britannica links, Articles with dead external links from November 2018, Articles with permanently dead external links, Short description is different from Wikidata, Use Australian English from December 2022, All Wikipedia articles written in Australian English, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Articles needing additional references from September 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles with disputed statements from September 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2017, Articles lacking reliable references from March 2018, All articles with vague or ambiguous time, Vague or ambiguous time from October 2017, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Articles with French-language sources (fr), Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0, Route territoriale 1 (RT1), going from the exit from, Route territoriale 3, from the junction with RT1 in, Route territoriale 4, from the junction with RT1 near, This page was last edited on 10 July 2023, at 22:09. Religion in New Caledonia according to the Global Religious Landscape survey by the Pew Forum, 2012[109]. Macron promotes French interests on a trip to South Pacific where US [45], As of the latter 2010s, French naval aviation and air force elements in New Caledonia included two Navy Falcon 200 Gardian maritime surveillance aircraft (drawn from Flotilla 25F), which are to be replaced by the more modern Falcon 2000 Albatros starting in 2025[46] and two Casa CN235 transport aircraft and three Puma helicopters from the Air Force's 52 "Tontouta" Squadron. Background. New Caledonia: CO2 Country Profile - Our World in Data [69] The west coast, with its large savannahs and plains suitable for farming, is a drier area. [98][99], Europeans first settled in New Caledonia when France established a penal colony on the archipelago. There are no endemic malaria-carrying mosquito species. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Geography of New Caledonia - Wikipedia Omissions? Surface water is lacking because of the porous nature of the calcareous rock formation. New Caledonia Requirements These instructions establish and implement a procedure which will assure national uniformity in the completion and issuance of the USDC SIP Export Health Certificate unique to the product and shipment to New Caledonia for computer-based certificates. The lowest temperature reached in Nouma is about 55 F (13 C), but, farther north on the west coast, temperatures as low as 41 F (5 C) have been known to occur. More New Caledonia Facts What is the capital of New Caledonia? New Caledonia has many unique taxa, especially birds and plants. Everything to Know Before Visiting New Caledonia | Travel Insider - Qantas Captain Louis-Marie-Franois Tardy de Montravel founded Port-de-France (Nouma) on 25 June 1854. In contrast to the island of New Caledonia, these islands are raised coral plateaus, nowhere rising much higher than 430 feet (130 metres) or so. There are many streams on New Caledonia, although most are fast flowing. As for television, the public service broadcaster France Tlvisions operates a local channel, Rseau Outre-Mer 1re, along with France 2, France 3, France 4, France 5, France 24 and Arte. [102], A 2015 documentary by Al Jazeera English asserted that up to 10%[dubious discuss] of New Caledonia's population is descended from around 2,000 Arab-Berber people deported from French Algeria in the late 19th century to prisons on the island in reprisal for the Mokrani Revolt in 1871. [95] They often settled in the rural areas of the western coast of Grande Terre, where many continue to run large cattle properties. The period from December to March is particularly rainy because of equatorial depressions, including frequent tropical cyclones (typhoons). Education is compulsory from the age of six years. The Grand Quay has a 1,450-foot- (442-metre-) long frontage. [35] One commune, Poya, is divided between two provinces. Christian Karembeu is a prominent New Caledonian former footballer. New Caledonia - The World Factbook The landing craft is to better support coastal and riverine operations in the territory.
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